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Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [1] One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. [1] These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, [1] as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes occurring in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. [2]
The first plague vaccine was developed by bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine in 1897. [3] [4] He tested the vaccine on himself to prove that the vaccine was safe.[4] [5] Later, Haffkine conducted a massive inoculation program in British India, and it is estimated that 26 million doses of Haffkine's anti-plague vaccine were sent out from Bombay between 1897 and 1925, reducing the plague mortality ...
Depending on which form of the plague infects the individual, the plague develops a different illness; however, the plague overall affects the host cell's ability to communicate with the immune system, hindering the body bringing phagocytic cells to the area of infection. Y. pestis is a versatile killer.
Buboes are a symptom of bubonic plague and occur as painful swellings in the thighs, neck, groin or armpits. [2] They are caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria spreading from flea bites through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes, where the bacteria replicate, causing the nodes to swell. [ 3 ]
There are three forms of plague, each affecting a different part of the body and causing associated symptoms. Pneumonic plague infects the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing and chest pain; bubonic plague affects the lymph nodes, making them swell; and septicemic plague infects the blood and can cause tissues to turn black and die. [2 ...
The Bubonic plague (also referred to as the “human plague” or simply “the plague”) has been detected in Oregon. The U.S. usually sees 10 or more cases of bubonic plague a year.
A Colorado man caught the rarest and most fatal form of the plague and it can be spread in the air from coughing and sneezing. It's called pneumonic plague.
But Europeans also unintentionally brought new infectious diseases, including among others smallpox, bubonic plague, chickenpox, cholera, the common cold, diphtheria, influenza, malaria, measles, scarlet fever, sexually transmitted diseases (with the possible exception of syphilis), typhoid, typhus, tuberculosis (although a form of this ...