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Wake turbulence can occasionally, under the right conditions, be heard by ground observers. [25] On a still day, the wake turbulence from heavy jets on landing approach can be heard as a dull roar or whistle. This is the strong core of the vortex. If the aircraft produces a weaker vortex, the breakup will sound like tearing a piece of paper.
In the sport of wakeboarding the wake is used as a jump. The wake is also used to propel a surfer in the sport of wakesurfing. In the sport of water polo, the ball carrier can swim while advancing the ball, propelled ahead with the wake created by alternating armstrokes in crawl stroke, a technique known as dribbling. Furthermore, in the sport ...
The hazardous aspects of wingtip vortices are most often discussed in the context of wake turbulence. If a light aircraft immediately follows a heavy aircraft, wake turbulence from the heavy aircraft can roll the light aircraft faster than can be resisted by use of ailerons.
Experts have described turbulence as ‘common’ and asserted that it ‘rarely’ leads to fatalities.
This vorticity is a continuum of mini-starting-vortexes. The wake behind an aircraft is a continuous sheet of weak vorticity, between the two trailing vortices, and this accounts for the changes in strength of the trailing vortices as the airspeed of the aircraft and angle of attack on the wing change during flight. [9]
The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid [1] [2] as follows: . Turbulence causes: . Clear air turbulence; Mountain wave turbulence ...
With a database of over 100,000 wake measurements, EUROCONTROL also developed six wake turbulence groups. The change was partly prompted by the development of the Airbus A380. [17] [18] The previous three wake turbulence categories were increased to six, by splitting Medium and Heavy into pairs, and adding a Super Heavy category for the Airbus ...
As stated by the U.S. FAA, The pilot has the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate separations and positioning of the aircraft in the terminal area to avoid the wake turbulence created by a preceding aircraft. [1] There are three sets of flight rules under which an aircraft can be flown: Visual Flight Rules (VFR)