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projection. A projection is, roughly, a map from some space or object to another that omits some information on the object or space. For example, R 2 → R , ( x , y ) ↦ x {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^ {2}\to \mathbb {R} , (x,y)\mapsto x} is a projection and its restriction to a graph of a function, say, is also a projection.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
Fold change. Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. It is defined as the ratio between the two quantities; for quantities A and B the fold change of B with respect to A is B / A. In other words, a change from 30 to 60 is defined as a fold-change of 2.
Micro (Greek letter μ, mu, non- italic) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10 −6 (one millionth). [1] Confirmed in 1960, the prefix comes from the Greek μικρός (mikrós), meaning "small". It is the only SI prefix which uses a character not from the Latin alphabet. In Unicode, the symbol is represented by U+03BC ...
Each of these words translates to the American English or post-1974 British English word billion (10 9 in the short scale). The term billion originally meant 10 12 when introduced. [5] In long scale countries, milliard was defined to its current value of 10 9, leaving billion at its original 10 12 value and so on for the larger numbers. [5]
A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.
When expressing a power ratio, it is defined as ten times the logarithm with base 10. [5] That is, a change in power by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 10 dB change in level. When expressing root-power quantities, a change in amplitude by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 20 dB change in level. The decibel scales differ by a factor of two, so ...
The word "factorial" (originally French: factorielle) was first used in 1800 by Louis François Antoine Arbogast, [18] in the first work on Faà di Bruno's formula, [19] but referring to a more general concept of products of arithmetic progressions. The "factors" that this name refers to are the terms of the product formula for the factorial. [20]