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A combination of theophylline, ephedrine, and hydroxyzine has been marketed under the brand name Marax among others as well. [16] [17] [18] Combinations of theophylline, ephedrine, and a barbiturate were later phased out in favor of combinations of theophylline and ephedrine alone (e.g., brand name Franol).
Tedral is an oral bronchodilator, which contains three active ingredients, including (1) theophylline, (2) ephedrine, and (3) phenobarbital. [13] It was indicated for the symptomatic relief of asthmatic bronchitis, chronic bronchial asthma, COPD or other bronchospastic disorders. [14]
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma . [ 2 ]
Available in oral and injectable form, theophylline is a long-acting bronchodilator that prevents asthma episodes. It belongs to the chemical class methylxanthines (along with caffeine). It is prescribed in severe cases of asthma or those that are difficult to control. It must be taken 1–4 times daily, and doses cannot be missed.
This group includes terpene-like and steroid-like alkaloids, [50] as well as purine-like alkaloids such as caffeine, theobromine, theacrine and theophylline. [51] Some authors classify ephedrine and cathinone as pseudoalkaloids.
It was a combination of theophylline, ephedra, [1] and hydroxyzine, and taken by mouth. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is no longer manufactured in the US due to approval of ephedra being withdrawn by the FDA . [ citation needed ]
Ephedrine works by inducing the release of norepinephrine and hence indirectly activating the α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [11] Chemically, ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine. [14] Ephedrine was first isolated in 1885 and came into commercial use in 1926.
Mast cell stabilizer. Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine [1] and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE -regulated calcium channels.