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  2. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor...

    The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 and by a related hormone called IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1 ...

  3. Insulin-like growth factor 1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1

    IGF-1 binds to at least two cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases: the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin receptor. Its primary action is mediated by binding to its specific receptor, IGF1R, which is present on the surface of many cell types in many tissues [further explanation needed]. Binding to the IGF1R initiates intracellular signaling.

  4. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors

    PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors act to inhibit the association of the programmed death-ligand 1 with its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The interaction of these cell surface proteins is involved in the suppression of the immune system and occurs following infection to limit the killing of bystander host cells and prevent autoimmune ...

  5. PD-L1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-L1

    Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the adaptive arm of immune systems during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis.

  6. Insulin-like growth factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor

    The IGF-1 receptor is the "physiological" receptor. IGF-1 binds to it at significantly higher affinity than it binds the insulin receptor. Like the insulin receptor, the IGF-1 receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase—meaning the receptor signals by causing the addition of a phosphate molecule on particular tyrosines. The IGF-2 receptor only ...

  7. List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_therapeutic...

    PD-1: Y: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Cergutuzumab amunaleukin [12] mab: humanized: IL-2: cancer Certolizumab pegol [43] Cimzia: Fab' humanized: TNF-α: Y: Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriasis arthritis: Cetrelimab [5] mab: human: PD-1: cancer Cetuximab [32] Erbitux: mab: chimeric: Epidermal growth ...

  8. Immune checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint

    PD-1: short for Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) receptor, has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. This checkpoint is the target of Merck & Co.'s melanoma drug Keytruda, which gained FDA approval in September 2014. The checkpoint is also the target of EMD Serono (Merck KGaA)'s drug Bavencio, which gained FDA approval in 2017. An advantage of targeting PD-1 ...

  9. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth...

    Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer. [2]