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Further reading on the role of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon storage and decomposition can be found in Zhu and Miller 2003, [37] Ekblad et al. 2013, [38] respectively, and the 2019 paper "Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses".
Certain species of fungi are able to absorb and retain radionuclides such as 137 Cs, 121 Sr, 152 Eu, 239 Pu and 241 Am. [68] [10] In fact, cell walls of some species of dead fungi can be used as a filter that can adsorb heavy metals and radionuclides present in industrial effluents, preventing them from being released into the environment. [10]
Yeasts have been used since ancient times to leaven bread and to ferment beer and wine. [2] More recently, fungi have been used for a wide variety of industrial fermentations, whether working directly for their effects on materials such as processing paper pulp or bioremediating industrial waste, or serving as the source of enzymes for many purposes, such as fading and softening denim for ...
Researchers studied the effect white-rot fungi could have on absorbing heavy metal ions via alginic acid, a linear polysaccharide composed of 1,4-linked beta-D-mannuronic and alpha-L-guluronic acid. The findings from the study indicated that Fungalia trogii was capable of biosorption of Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Zn 2+ in low pH environments. [ 41 ]
Entomopathogenic fungi all typically disperse through the environment through the use of microscopic spores (usually asexual or Conidia) that commonly use hydrophobins and adhesins to attach to and recognize the host cuticle. [4] Germination is environmentally triggered under specific temperature and humidity conditions.
Surprisingly, despite their long evolution as an underground partner of plant roots, whose environment is far from light or temperature fluctuation, AMF still have a conserved circadian clock whose fungal circadian oscillator (frq) is activated by the blue light, similar to the model circadian fungus Neurospora crassa. [19]
[13] [14] Different mycoparasitic fungi form different structures when interacting with their hosts. For example, the hyphae of some mycoparasitic fungi form specialized contact cells resembling haustoria on the hyphae of their hosts; others may coil around the hyphae of their host fungus or penetrate then grow inside host hyphae. [ 15 ]
[10] Spores need three things to grow into mold: nutrients – cellulose (the cell wall of green plants) is a common food for indoor spores; moisture – to begin the decaying process caused by mold; and time – mold growth begins from 24 hours to 10 days after the provision of growing conditions.