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Long vowels are considered to be sequences of vowels and so are not counted as phonemes. [20] Hindi: Indo-European: 44 + (5) 33 + (5) 11 [21] Hungarian: Uralic language: 39: 25 14 The vowel phonemes can be grouped as pairs of short and long vowels such as o and ó. Most of the pairs have an almost similar pronunciation and vary significantly ...
The adoption of such an alphabet will, therefore, greatly facilitate the popularization of the common speech [i.e. Putonghua (Standard Chinese)]. [27] The development of the Pinyin (Chinese: 汉语拼音; pinyin: hànyǔ pīnyīn; lit. 'Chinese Phonetic Writing') system was a complex process involving decisions on many difficult issues, such as:
To learn an alphabetical language, one must first learn the pronunciation of the letters, and then learn the alphabetical words through the orthography. Therefore, it is difficult to get started learning Chinese characters, but it is easy to get started learning Pinyin characters. [19] Chinese language learning also has its own advantages.
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Practices in language education vary significantly by region. Firstly, the languages being learned differ; in the United States, Spanish is the most popular language to be learned, whereas the most popular languages to be learned in Australia are German, French, Italian and Mandarin Chinese.
The Yale romanization of Mandarin is a system for transcribing the sounds of Standard Chinese, based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. [1] It was devised in 1943 by the Yale sinologist George Kennedy for a course teaching Chinese to American soldiers, and was popularized by continued development of that course at Yale.
This phenomenon makes it more difficult to readily identify the relative prevalence of any single Chinese language in the United States. [7] According to data reported on the 2000 US census long-form, 259,750 people spoke "Cantonese", with 58.62% percent residing in California and the next most with 16.19% in New York. [8]
The Nile is the longest river in Africa. It has historically been considered the longest river in the world, [3] [4] though this has been contested by research suggesting that the Amazon River is slightly longer. [5] [6] Of the world's major rivers, the Nile is one of the smallest, as measured by annual flow in cubic metres of water. [7]