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  2. Dressage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressage

    Dressage (/ ˈ d r ɛ s ɑː ʒ / or / d r ɪ ˈ s ɑː ʒ /; French:, most commonly translated as "training") is a form of horse riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an art sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery.

  3. Equestrianism in France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrianism_in_France

    François Robichon de La Guérinière, the "father of French equitation". The history of French equestrianism is almost exclusively "military and learned". [1] Although very basic until the 7th century, particularly among the Gauls and Romans, equestrianism flourished with the arrival of the stirrup and more suitable saddles in the society of knights.

  4. Haunches-in - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haunches-in

    Haunches-in, also called travers or tête au mur ("head to the wall" in French), is a lateral movement used in the dressage discipline of horse training. It has a close cousin, haunches-out, renvers, or croupe au mur ("rump to the wall"), that is slightly more difficult.

  5. François Baucher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Baucher

    François Baucher (1796–1873) was a French riding master whose methods are still debated by dressage enthusiasts today. His philosophy of training the horse changed dramatically over the course of his career and is often considered in two distinct phases or "manners."

  6. James Fillis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fillis

    James Fillis (17 December 1834 – 3 May 1913) was a British-born French horseman and riding master. He had a profound influence on the development of the haute école of dressage in both France and Russia. [3] He travelled widely in Europe, and lived for about twelve years in Russia.

  7. Classical dressage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_dressage

    Classical dressage evolved from cavalry movements and training for the battlefield, and has since developed into the competitive dressage seen today. Classical riding is the art of riding in harmony with, rather than against, the horse.

  8. Piaffe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaffe

    The piaffe (French pronunciation:) is a dressage movement where the horse is in a highly collected and cadenced trot, in place or nearly in place. [1] The center of gravity of the horse should be more towards the hind end, with the hindquarters slightly lowered and great bending of the joints in the hind legs. The front end of the horse is ...

  9. Airs above the ground - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airs_above_the_ground

    In the capriole (meaning leap of a goat), the horse jumps from a raised position of the forehand straight up into the air, kicks out with the hind legs, and lands more or less on all four legs at the same time. It requires an enormously powerful horse to perform correctly, and is considered the most difficult of all the airs above the ground.