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Unsupervised learning is a framework in machine learning where, in contrast to supervised learning, algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data. [1] Other frameworks in the spectrum of supervisions include weak- or semi-supervision, where a small portion of the data is tagged, and self-supervision.
The standard algorithm for hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) has a time complexity of () and requires () memory, which makes it too slow for even medium data sets. . However, for some special cases, optimal efficient agglomerative methods (of complexity ()) are known: SLINK [2] for single-linkage and CLINK [3] for complete-linkage clusteri
Understanding these "cluster models" is key to understanding the differences between the various algorithms. Typical cluster models include: Connectivity model s: for example, hierarchical clustering builds models based on distance connectivity. Centroid model s: for example, the k-means algorithm represents each cluster by a single mean vector.
BIRCH (balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies) is an algorithm used to perform connectivity-based clustering for large data-sets. [7] It is regarded as one of the fastest clustering algorithms, but it is limited because it requires the number of clusters as an input.
In supervised learning, the training data is labeled with the expected answers, while in unsupervised learning, the model identifies patterns or structures in unlabeled data. Supervised learning ( SL ) is a paradigm in machine learning where input objects (for example, a vector of predictor variables) and a desired output value (also known as a ...
Weak supervision (also known as semi-supervised learning) is a paradigm in machine learning, the relevance and notability of which increased with the advent of large language models due to large amount of data required to train them.
Agglomerative transduction can be thought of as bottom-up transduction. It is a semi-supervised extension of agglomerative clustering. It is typically performed as follows: Compute the pair-wise distances, D, between all the points. Sort D in ascending order. Consider each point to be a cluster of size 1.
Feature learning can be either supervised, unsupervised, or self-supervised: In supervised feature learning , features are learned using labeled input data. Labeled data includes input-label pairs where the input is given to the model, and it must produce the ground truth label as the output. [ 3 ]