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Muscles from the mid to upper back, like the lats, erector spinae, and quadratus lumborum stretch all the way down to the low back. Injury in muscles from the back of the legs, like the gluteals ...
The superior lumbar (Grynfeltt-Lesshaft) triangle is formed medially by the quadratus lumborum, laterally by the posterior border of internal abdominal oblique muscle, and superiorly by the 12th rib. The floor of the superior lumbar triangle is the transversalis fascia and its roof is the external abdominal oblique muscle.
The erector spinae (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k t ər ˈ s p aɪ n i / irr-EK-tər SPY-nee) [1] or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.The spinal erectors work together with the glutes (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) to maintain stable posture standing or sitting.
The quadratus lumborum muscle originates by aponeurotic fibers into the iliolumbar ligament and the internal lip of the iliac crest for about 5 centimetres (2.0 in). It inserts from the lower border of the last rib for about half its length and by four small tendons from the apices of the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae.
The posterior layer and middle layer unite at the lateral margin of erector spinae, forming a though raphe; all three layers then unite at the lateral margin of quadratus lumborum, thus forming the aponeurotic origin of the transversus abdominis muscle. [2]: 814–815
Apart from the above neck muscles, the following muscles have also been observed contributing to respiration: serratus anterior, pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, iliocostalis, quadratus lumborum, serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior, levatores costarum, transversus thoracis ...
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
Laterally, the ligament attaches onto the posterior part of the inner lip of the iliac crest. [1] More precisely, its lateral attachment is by two main bands: [2] the superior band (which is one of the attachments of the quadratus lumborum muscle) attaches onto the iliac crest anterior to the sacroiliac joint.