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  2. Linear trend estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_trend_estimation

    This is important, as it makes an enormous difference to the ease with which the statistics can be analyzed so as to extract maximum information from the data series. If there are other non-linear effects that have a correlation to the independent variable (such as cyclic influences), the use of least-squares estimation of the trend is not valid.

  3. Q–Q plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q–Q_plot

    Thus, the Q–Q plot is a parametric curve indexed over [0,1] with values in the real plane R 2. Typically for an analysis of normality, the vertical axis shows the values of the variable of interest, say x with CDF F(x), and the horizontal axis represents N −1 (F(x)), where N −1 (.) represents the inverse cumulative normal distribution ...

  4. Arc length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

    For a rectifiable curve these approximations don't get arbitrarily large (so the curve has a finite length). If a curve can be parameterized as an injective and continuously differentiable function (i.e., the derivative is a continuous function) f : [ a , b ] → R n {\displaystyle f\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , then the curve is ...

  5. Decision curve analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_curve_analysis

    Example decision curve analysis graph with two predictors. A decision curve analysis graph is drawn by plotting threshold probability on the horizontal axis and net benefit on the vertical axis, illustrating the trade-offs between benefit (true positives) and harm (false positives) as the threshold probability (preference) is varied across a range of reasonable threshold probabilities.

  6. Probability density function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function

    This probability is given by the integral of this variable's PDF over that range—that is, it is given by the area under the density function but above the horizontal axis and between the lowest and greatest values of the range. The probability density function is nonnegative everywhere, and the area under the entire curve is equal to 1.

  7. Nomogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomogram

    A Smith chart to calculate electrical impedance with no values plotted; although not a nomogram, it is based on similar principles. Like a slide rule, a nomogram is a graphical analog computation device. Also like a slide rule, its accuracy is limited by the precision with which physical markings can be drawn, reproduced, viewed, and aligned.

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    mail.aol.com

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  9. Inverse demand function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_demand_function

    This is useful because economists typically place price (P) on the vertical axis and quantity (demand, Q) on the horizontal axis in supply-and-demand diagrams, so it is the inverse demand function that depicts the graphed demand curve in the way the reader expects to see.