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The Deutsche Mark (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈmaʁk] ⓘ; "German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark" ([ˈdeːˌmaʁk] ⓘ), was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until the adoption of the euro in 2002.
The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation. [2] The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver.
The Reichsmark was replaced by the Deutsche Mark at a rate of 10:1 (1:1 for cash and current accounts) in June 1948 in the Trizone [5] and later in the same year by the East German mark in the Soviet Occupation Zone (colloquially also "Ostmark", since 1968 officially "Mark der DDR").
The remaining convertible mark of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a currency that officially replaced the German mark as de facto currency of the ruptured economy and hyper-inflation of local divided currencies after the Bosnian war, pegged to the German mark 1:1 at the time, and further pegged to Euro at the rate at which German mark was replaced, i ...
Deutsche Mark Germany (unified) West Germany: 1990 (unified) 1948 (West Germany) 2002 East German mark East Germany: 1948 1990 Saar franc: Saarland: 1947 1959 Saar mark: Saarland: 1947 1947 Reichsmark Allied-occupied Germany Nazi Germany Weimar Republic: 1924 1948 German Rentenmark Weimar Republic: 1923 1924 German Papiermark Weimar Republic ...
However, the exchange rate of the mark against the US dollar steadily devalued from 4.2 to 7.9 marks per dollar between 1914 and 1918, a preliminary warning of the extreme postwar inflation. [ 2 ] This strategy failed as Germany lost the war, which left the new Weimar Republic saddled with massive war debts that it could not afford: the ...
Officials of the Trump administration have said they want a weak dollar. At the beginning of the year, Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said a weaker dollar "is good for us as it relates to trade ...
The US pledged to peg the dollar at $38/ounce (instead of $35/ounce; in other words: the USD rate lost 7.9%) with 2.25% trading bands, and other countries agreed to appreciate their currencies versus the dollar: Yen +16.9%; Deutsche Mark +13.6%, French Franc +8.6%, British pound the same, Italian lira +7.5%. [3]