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Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve. [2] Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. [2] This leads to a hypoplastic (undersized) or absent right ventricle. This defect occurs during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish ...
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [10]
Other risk factors include: having a parent with a congenital heart defect, alcohol use while pregnant, uncontrolled diabetes treatment during pregnancy and some medications during pregnancy. [5] This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or heterotaxy syndromes.
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
Congenital heart disease, particularly VSDs, is the number one cause of death for children with Down syndrome ages birth to two. [ 7 ] A VSD can also form a few days after a myocardial infarction [ 8 ] (heart attack) due to mechanical tearing of the septal wall, before scar tissue forms, when macrophages start remodeling the dead heart tissue.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped and incapable of supporting the systemic circulation. [2] It is estimated to account for 2-3% of all congenital heart disease. [ 3 ]
Scimitar syndrome, or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right lung (to the systemic venous drainage, rather than directly to the left atrium). [1] This anomalous pulmonary venous return can be either partial (PAPVR) or total (TAPVR).
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.