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For example, the eldest son of the Earl Howe is Viscount Curzon, because this is the second most senior title held by the Earl. [5] However, the son of a marquess or an earl can be referred to as a viscount when the title of viscount is not the second most senior if those above it share their name with the substantive title.
For example, the Duke of Norfolk is also Earl of Arundel and Baron Maltravers. His eldest son is, therefore, styled "Earl of Arundel" ("the" does not precede it, as this would indicate a substantive title). Lord Arundel's eldest son (should he have one during his father's lifetime) would be styled "Lord Maltravers".
For a more complete listing, which adds these "hidden" Marquessates as well as extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, and forfeit ones, see List of marquessates in the peerages of Britain and Ireland. They were a relatively late introduction to the British peerage, and on the evening of the Coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838, the Prime Minister ...
Examples range from the politically powerful (such as the Nigerian chiefs and the king of the Zulu Nation) to the merely titular (such as the rajas, babus and rais of India and the Arab sheikhs). Some court titles, e.g. in the United Kingdom, including Earl Marshal [5] and Lord Great Chamberlain. Most of these are sinecures, i.e. purely ceremonial.
Since that time, the eldest sons of all English monarchs, except for King Edward III, [a] have borne this title. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, her cousin King James VI of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I of England, joining the crowns of England and Scotland in personal union .
In contrast to the English equivalent, the dignity of baron is a non-peerage rank in the Baronage of Scotland, created in the same way as a peerage with crown charter and is protected by the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 recognised by the crown as a title of nobility with status of minor baron.
The eldest sons of Peers who are Earls or higher and possess multiple titles may use their father's next-lower title by courtesy, their own eldest sons may use the third-highest title and so on. They are not Peers but remain Esquires until they inherit the substantive peerage themselves.
In practice, the Visigoth kings appointed their eldest sons to manage the kingdom's affairs, so that when the king died the eldest son was politically skilled enough to secure the throne. [23] In the 5th century, hereditary succession was increasingly stable until the Frankish invasions against the Visigoths led to a period of crisis in which ...