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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists.
Peter B. Cotton (born 1939) is a British gastroenterologist [1] best known for his advancement in digestive disease, pioneering and naming the Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure [citation needed] and creating the Digestive Disease Center at the Medical University of South Carolina.
In addition, it is commonly performed during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and it may be used for facilitating diagnostic procedures such as transpapillary bile duct biopsy, papillary tumor biopsy, and insertion of a cholangioscope. [1]
Soehendra's contributions to therapeutic endoscopy were key in the transformation of the field from a primarily diagnostic test, to a therapeutic specialty. In 1980, he presented the first use of a biliary stent, a device inserted via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to drain the common bile duct of obstruction. [2]
The double duct sign is a radiological finding characterized by the simultaneous dilation of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.This sign is significant because it often indicates an obstruction in the distal bile duct and pancreatic duct, frequently caused by serious underlying pathologies such as pancreatic carcinoma or periampullary tumors. [1]
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although this is a form of imaging, it is both diagnostic and therapeutic, and is often classified with surgeries rather than with imaging. Primary cholangiography (or perioperative): Done in the operation room during a biliary drainage intervention.
The benefit of ERCP is that it can be utilized not just to diagnose, but also to treat the problem. During ERCP the endoscopist may surgically widen the opening into the bile duct and remove the stone through that opening. ERCP, however, is an invasive procedure and has its own potential complications.
It remained a condition generally treated by surgeons, with exploration of the bile duct and excision of gallstones, until the ascendancy of ERCP in 1968. [25] ERCP is generally performed by internal medicine or gastroenterology specialists. In 1992 it was shown that ERCP was generally safer than surgical intervention in ascending cholangitis. [26]