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  2. Visual angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_angle

    Visual angle is the angle a viewed object subtends at the eye, usually stated in degrees of arc. It also is called the object's angular size . The diagram on the right shows an observer's eye looking at a frontal extent (the vertical arrow) that has a linear size S {\displaystyle S} , located in the distance D {\displaystyle D} from point O ...

  3. Mathematical visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_visualization

    Stephen Wolfram's book on cellular automata, A New Kind of Science (2002), is one of the most intensely visual books published in the field of mathematics. It has been criticized for being too heavily visual, with much information conveyed by pictures that do not have formal meaning. [5]

  4. Euclid's Optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid's_Optics

    Euclid postulated that visual rays proceed from the eyes onto objects, and that the different visual properties of the objects were determined by how the visual rays struck them. Here the red square is an actual object, while the yellow plane shows how the object is perceived. 1573 edition in Italian

  5. Perceived visual angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceived_visual_angle

    Accordingly, as described below, the visual angle θ is the difference between two real (optical) directions in the field of view, while the perceived visual angle θ′, is the difference by which the directions of two viewed points from oneself appear to differ in the visual field.

  6. Geometrical-optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical-optical_illusions

    The widely accepted interpretation of, e.g. the Poggendorff and Hering illusions as manifestation of expansion of acute angles at line intersections, is an example of successful implementation of a "bottom-up," physiological explanation of a geometrical–optical illusion.

  7. Angular diameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter

    Angular diameter: the angle subtended by an object. The angular diameter, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of ...

  8. Geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry

    Geometry (from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría) 'land measurement'; from γῆ (gê) 'earth, land' and μέτρον (métron) 'a measure') [1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. [2]

  9. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    In the 19th century, the internal development of geometry (pure mathematics) led to definition and study of non-Euclidean geometries, spaces of dimension higher than three and manifolds. At this time, these concepts seemed totally disconnected from the physical reality, but at the beginning of the 20th century, Albert Einstein developed the ...