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Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. (Though, magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.)
Theoretical model of magnetization m against magnetic field h. Starting at the origin, the upward curve is the initial magnetization curve. The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, form the main loop. The intercepts h c and m rs are the coercivity and saturation remanence.
Theoretical model of magnetization m against magnetic field h. Starting at the origin, the upward curve is the initial magnetization curve. The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, form the main loop. The intercepts h c and m rs are the coercivity and saturation remanence.
Equivalent definitions for coercivities in terms of the magnetization-vs-field (M-H) curve, for the same magnet. Coercivity in a ferromagnetic material is the intensity of the applied magnetic field (H field) required to demagnetize that material, after the magnetization of the sample has been driven to saturation by a strong field. This ...
In a magnet it is the unpaired electrons, aligned so that their spin is in the same direction, which generate the magnetic field. This gives the Nd 2 Fe 14 B compound a high saturation magnetization (J s ≈ 1.6 T or 16 kG) and a remanent magnetization of typically 1.3 teslas.
In classical electromagnetism, magnetization is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume. [ 1 ]
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is generally represented as an expansion in powers of the direction cosines of the magnetization. The magnetization vector can be written M = M s (α,β,γ), where M s is the saturation magnetization. Because of time reversal symmetry, only even powers of the cosines are allowed. [2]
The precision and accuracy of VSM's are quite high even among other magnetometers and can be on the order of ~ emu. [5] VSM's further allow for a sample to be tested at varying angles with respect to its magnetization letting researchers minimize the effects of external influences. [ 8 ]