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The relationship between the CU and the NAWSA became unclear and troubled over time. [96] At the NAWSA convention in 1913, Paul and her allies demanded that the organization focus its efforts on a federal suffrage amendment. The convention instead empowered the executive board to limit the CU's ability to contravene NAWSA policies.
The NAWSA developed into the nation's largest voluntary organization, with two million members. [67] After women's suffrage was achieved in 1920 by the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , the NAWSA transformed itself into the League of Women Voters , which is still active.
In 1916, Alice Paul formed the National Woman's Party (NWP), a group focused on the passage of a national suffrage amendment. Over 200 NWP supporters, the Silent Sentinels, were arrested in 1917 while picketing the White House, some of whom went on hunger strike and endured forced feeding after being sent to prison.
The National Woman's Party (NWP) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment .
September 6–10: Annual NAWSA Convention is held in Atlantic City, New Jersey. [41] May 7–10: Mississippi Valley Suffrage Conference is held in Minneapolis. [35] [42] June: The Woman's Party Convention is held in Chicago, where the National Woman's Party (NWP) is formed. [43] 1917. Mississippi Valley Suffrage Conference is held. [35] 1918
The first slate of officers consisted of equal numbers of men and women, and the convention agreed to alternate the presidency of the organization between a woman and a man. [9] Henry Ward Beecher was the first president of the AWSA, and Lucy Stone was chair of the executive committee. [10] Its headquarters were in Boston. [11]
By June 1920, after intense lobbying by both the NAWSA and the NWP, the amendment was ratified by 35 of the necessary 36 state legislatures. [53] Ratification would be determined by Tennessee . In the middle of July 1920, both opponents and supporters of the Anthony Amendment arrived in Nashville to lobby the General Assembly.
NAWSA was the first group to pioneer the Southern Strategy, convincing Southern political leaders that they could ensure white supremacy by enfranchising white women. At this time, women from the South were interspersed in groups like NAWSA, forming local chapters such as the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia . [ 1 ]