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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. [4] Central to the physiologic maintenance of GFR is the differential basal tone of the afferent (input) and efferent (output) arterioles (see diagram).
Pores in one of the structures of the glomerular filtration barrier. Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) is a kidney disorder described in 2015 in which the pores in the glomerular filtration barrier are hypothesized to have shrunken so that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 5–30 kDa proteins, for example cystatin C, is selectively reduced compared to that of small molecules (less than 5 kDa ...
The severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described by six stages; the most severe three are defined by the MDRD-eGFR value, and first three also depend on whether there is other evidence of kidney disease (e.g., proteinuria): 0) Normal kidney function – GFR above 90 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) and no proteinuria
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria), rising blood pressure with hypertension and then falling renal function is common to many forms of CKD.
The causes of acute kidney injury are commonly categorized into prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal. Acute kidney injury occurs in up to 30% of patients following cardiac surgery. [ 22 ] Mortality increases by 60-80% in post-cardiopulmonary bypass patients who go on to require renal replacement therapy.
Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [2]
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The BUN:Cr in prerenal azotemia is greater than 20. The reason for this lies in the mechanism of filtration of urea and creatinine. Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) is decreased due to hypoperfusion which results in a proportional decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). In turn, the decreased flow and pressure to the kidney will be sensed by ...