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Thus, the ability to switch states/phenotypes (phenotypic plasticity) is a key feature of development and normal function of cells within most multicellular organisms that enables the cell to respond to various intrinsic and extrinsic cues and stimuli in a concerted fashion enabling them to ‘make’ appropriate cellular decisions. [1]
A stem cell possesses two properties: . Self-renewal is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while still maintaining its undifferentiated state. Stem cells can replicate several times and can result in the formation of two stem cells, one stem cell more differentiated than the other, or two differentiated cells.
The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex [6] (Fig. 3).) Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations [7] They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and ...
Stem cell tourism is the part of the medical tourism industry in which patients travel to obtain stem cell procedures. [109] The United States has had an explosion of "stem cell clinics". [110] Stem cell procedures are highly profitable for clinics. The advertising sounds authoritative but the efficacy and safety of the procedures is unproven.
The differentiation of stem cell precursors into specialized neurons gives rise to the formation of synapses and neural circuits, which is key to the principle of plasticity. [17] During this pivotal point in development, consequent developmental processes like the differentiation and specialization of neurons are highly sensitive to exogenous ...
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization , at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.
One step in that process is single cell phenotypic analysis, and the connection between the phenotype and genotype of specific stem cells. While current genomic screens are done with entire populations of cells, focusing in on a single stem cell will help determine specific signaling activity associated with varying degrees of stem cell differentiation and limit background due to heterogeneous ...
Cell plasticity is the idea that cells can switch phenotypes in response to environmental cues. [13] In the context of regeneration, this environmental cue is damage or injury to a limb. [9] Cell plasticity is closely related to dedifferentiation, implying that a cell with ‘plasticity’ can dedifferentiate to change phenotypes. [9]