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Work on the problem of general polynomials ultimately led to the fundamental theorem of algebra, which shows that with complex numbers, a solution exists to every polynomial equation of degree one or higher. Complex numbers thus form an algebraically closed field, where any polynomial equation has a root.
The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US $1 million prize for the first correct solution to each problem.
The Cousin problem is a problem related to the analytical properties of complex manifolds, but the only obstructions to solving problems of a complex analytic property are pure topological; [80] [39] [31] Serre called this the Oka principle. [84] They are now posed, and solved, for arbitrary complex manifold M, in terms of conditions on M.
Another complex-analytic proof can be given by combining linear algebra with the Cauchy theorem. To establish that every complex polynomial of degree n > 0 has a zero, it suffices to show that every complex square matrix of size n > 0 has a (complex) eigenvalue. [13] The proof of the latter statement is by contradiction.
Figure 1. This Argand diagram represents the complex number lying on a plane.For each point on the plane, arg is the function which returns the angle . In mathematics (particularly in complex analysis), the argument of a complex number z, denoted arg(z), is the angle between the positive real axis and the line joining the origin and z, represented as a point in the complex plane, shown as in ...
If only one root, say r 1, is real, then r 2 and r 3 are complex conjugates, which implies that r 2 – r 3 is a purely imaginary number, and thus that (r 2 – r 3) 2 is real and negative. On the other hand, r 1 – r 2 and r 1 – r 3 are complex conjugates, and their product is real and positive. [23]