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In chemistry, orthosilicate is the anion SiO 4− 4, or any of its salts and esters. It is one of the silicate anions. It is occasionally called the silicon tetroxide anion or group. [1] Orthosilicate salts, like sodium orthosilicate, are stable, and occur widely in nature as silicate minerals, being the defining feature of the nesosilicates. [2]
Orthosilicic acid (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə s ɪ ˈ l ɪ s ɪ k /) is an inorganic compound with the formula Si(O H) 4. Although rarely observed, it is the key compound of silica and silicates and the precursor to other silicic acids [H 2x SiO x+2] n. Silicic acids play important roles in biomineralization and technology.
4−x] n, where 0 ≤ x < 2. The family includes orthosilicate SiO 4− 4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO 2− 3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si 2 O 6− 7 (x = 0.5, n = 2). The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. [1]
Sodium orthosilicate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula Na 4 SiO 4. It is one of the sodium silicates, specifically an orthosilicate, formally a salt of the unstable orthosilicic acid H 4 SiO 4. [2] [3] [4]
3 + SiO 2 → (Na 2 O) x · SiO 2 + x CO 2. The material can be obtained also from sodium sulfate (melting point 884 °C) with carbon as a reducing agent: 2x Na 2 SO 4 + C + 2 SiO 2 → 2 (Na 2 O) x · SiO 2 + 2 SO 2 + CO 2. In 1990, 4 million tons of alkali metal silicates were produced. [1]
Inosilicates (from Greek ἴς is [genitive: ἰνός inos] 'fibre'), or chain silicates, have interlocking chains of silicate tetrahedra with either SiO 3, 1:3 ratio, for single chains or Si 4 O 11, 4:11 ratio, for double chains. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.D – examples include:
Substitution of calcium ions or orthosilicate ions requires that electric charges be kept in balance. For instance, a limited number of orthosilicate (SiO 4− 4) ions can be replaced with sulfate (SO 2− 4) ions, provided that for each sulfate ion, two aluminate (AlO 5− 4) ions are also substituted.
2CaO·SiO 2, larnite (Ca 2 SiO 4) 3CaO·SiO 2, alite or (Ca 3 SiO 5) 3CaO·2SiO 2, (Ca 3 Si 2 O 7) CaO·SiO 2, wollastonite (CaSiO 3). This article focuses on Ca 2 SiO 4, also known as calcium orthosilicate. It is also referred to by the shortened trade name Cal-Sil or Calsil. All calcium silicates are white free-flowing powders.