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Historically, the mole was defined as the amount of substance in 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.As a consequence, the mass of one mole of a chemical compound, in grams, is numerically equal (for all practical purposes) to the mass of one molecule or formula unit of the compound, in daltons, and the molar mass of an isotope in grams per mole is approximately equal to the mass number ...
A space-filling model of the diatomic molecule dinitrogen, N 2. Diatomic molecules (from Greek di- 'two') are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as hydrogen (H 2) or oxygen (O 2), then it is said to be homonuclear.
2 O is inert at room temperature and has few reactions. At elevated temperatures, its reactivity increases. For example, nitrous oxide reacts with NaNH 2 at 187 °C (369 °F) to give NaN 3: 2 NaNH 2 + N 2 O → NaN 3 + NaOH + NH 3. This reaction is the route adopted by the commercial chemical industry to produce azide salts, which are used as ...
The solution has 1 mole or 1 equiv Na +, 1 mole or 2 equiv Ca 2+, and 3 mole or 3 equiv Cl −. An earlier definition, used especially for chemical elements , holds that an equivalent is the amount of a substance that will react with 1 g (0.035 oz) of hydrogen , 8 g (0.28 oz) of oxygen , or 35.5 g (1.25 oz) of chlorine —or that will displace ...
Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N 2, a colourless and odourless diatomic ...
The gram-atom is a former term for a mole of atoms, and gram-molecule for a mole of molecules. [ 7 ] Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass ( M r ). [ 8 ]
The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry.Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base to form β-nitro alcohols.
In the so-called Ter Meer reaction (1876) named after Edmund ter Meer, [14] the reactant is a 1,1-halonitroalkane: The reaction mechanism is proposed in which in the first slow step a proton is abstracted from nitroalkane 1 to a carbanion 2 followed by protonation to an aci-nitro 3 and finally nucleophilic displacement of chlorine based on an ...