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A sprained ankle (twisted ankle, rolled ankle, turned ankle, etc.) is an injury where sprain occurs on one or more ligaments of the ankle. It is the most commonly occurring injury in sports, mainly in ball sports such as basketball , volleyball , football , pickleball , and tennis .
An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising , and an inability to walk on the injured leg. [ 1 ] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain , compartment syndrome , stiffness, malunion , and post-traumatic arthritis .
Most ankle sprains are lateral sprains that occur when the foot rolls, causing the side of the ankle to be pressed to the ground. [7] Small blood vessels rupture in the process and cause the ankle to swell [ 4 ] and damage may also occur to the ligaments, these constituting a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissues holding the ...
A sprain is a type of acute injury which results from the stretching or tearing of a ligament. Depending on the severity of the sprain, the movement on the joint can be compromised since ligaments aid in the stability and support of joints. Sprains are commonly seen in vulnerable areas such as the wrists, knees and ankles.
Sprains may be mild (first degree), moderate (second degree), or severe (third degree), with the latter two classes involving some degree of tearing of the ligament. Sprains can occur at any joint but most commonly occur in the ankle, knee, or wrist. [2] An equivalent injury to a muscle or tendon is known as a strain.
[1] [6] There are three major tendons that maintain stability at the ankle joint; anterior extensors, medial flexors and lateral peroneal, these tendons facilitate movement around the ankle, foot and toes. [18] Malleolar fractures are related to ankle twisting or shearing injury, these fractures are often associated with ligament injury. [18]
The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane. There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament of the ankle. This type of injury can be difficult to detect. [1] [2]
Ligaments of the ankle. In medicine, the Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines for clinicians to help decide if a patient with foot or ankle pain should be offered X-rays to diagnose a possible bone fracture. Before the introduction of the rules most patients with ankle injuries would have been imaged.