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Black nickel plating was developed around 1905, and between the two wars, black chrome plating (first German patent 1929.GP 607, 420), which saw wider use only from the mid-1950s. [14] After the First World War, the first procedures for anodic oxidation and coloring of anodically oxidized aluminium were developed (1923, 1924.DRP. 413876).
Triple plating is the most expensive and durable process, which involves plating the steel first with copper and then nickel before the chromium plating is applied. Prior to the application of chrome in the 1920s, nickel electroplating was used.
A standard black oxide is magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), which is more mechanically stable on the surface and provides better corrosion protection than red oxide Fe 2 O 3. Modern industrial approaches to forming black oxide include the hot and mid-temperature processes described below. Traditional methods are described in the article on bluing. They are ...
The protective effect of chromate coatings on zinc is indicated by color, progressing from clear/blue to yellow, gold, olive drab and black. Darker coatings generally provide more corrosion resistance. [11] The coating color can also be changed with dyes, so color is not a complete indicator of the process used.
The process is slow, so more efficient plating processes are used once the desired strike thickness is obtained. The striking method is also used in combination with the plating of different metals. If it is desirable to plate one type of deposit onto a metal to improve corrosion resistance but this metal has inherently poor adhesion to the ...
Similar processes can be found on some ancient Egyptian copper sheets. [3] Another example of early chemical coloring of metals is the Nebra sky disk, which has a green patina and gold inlays. An early example of black colored iron is the famous Celtic spearhead found in the River Thames and dated between 200 and 50 BC. [4] [5]