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Examples of the most common tissues examined by means of a biopsy include oral and sinus mucosa, bone, soft tissue, skin and lymph nodes. [6] Types of biopsies typically used for diagnosing oral and maxillofacial pathology are: Excisional biopsy: A small lesion is totally excised. This method is preferred if the lesions are approximately 1 cm ...
Lining mucosa, nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, found almost everywhere else in the oral cavity, including the: Alveolar mucosa , the lining between the buccal and labial mucosae. It is a brighter red, smooth, and shiny with many blood vessels, and is not connected to underlying tissue by rete pegs .
Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign [1] lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance, but it may appear polypoid, papillomatous, or sessile. [2]: 535 The verruciform was first described by Shafer in 1971 on the oral mucosa. [3]
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the oral mucosa which is characterized by the growth of one or more nodular lesions, measuring about 2mm or less. [4] [5] The lesion almost exclusively involves the hard palate, and in rare instances, it also has been seen on the mandible. The lesion is mostly asymptomatic and color ...
Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. It is defined as "essentially an oral mucosal white/gray lesion that cannot be considered as any other definable lesion." Oral leukoplakia is a gray patch or plaque that develops in the oral cavity and is strongly associated with smoking. [8]
Leukoedema lesions disappear when the mucosa is stretched, which helps to differentiate it from other white lesions in the mouth. [2] The differential diagnosis is with leukoplakia , oral candidiasis , oral lichen planus , white sponge nevus , morsicatio buccarum , [ 3 ] hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis and dyskeratosis congenita.
Early lesions may appear as thin, translucent and granular or wrinkled mucosa. [2] [6] The later lesion may appear thicker, more opaquely white and hyperkeratotic with fissures and folds. [6] [2] Oral snuff causes more pronounced changes in the oral mucosa than tobacco chewing. [1] Snuff dipping is associated more with verrucous keratosis. [1]
Desquamative gingivitis involves lesions of the free and attached gingiva.Unlike plaque-induced inflammation of the gums (normal marginal gingivitis), desquamative gingivitis extends beyond the marginal gingiva, involving the full width of the gingiva and sometimes the alveolar mucosa. [3]