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Contango is a situation in which the futures price (or forward price) of a commodity is higher than the expected spot price of the contract at maturity. [1] In a contango situation, arbitrageurs or speculators are "willing to pay more [now] for a commodity [to be received] at some point in the future than the actual expected price of the ...
Futures prices tend to be in contango; The volatility of spot and futures prices tend to be low, and futures premiums rise to the full cost of storage; When supplies are tight, and purchasing managers build production inventory levels to ensure availability, Futures prices tend toward backwardation
The concept started to be used by oil traders in the market in early 1990. [2] But it was in 2007 through 2009 that the oil storage trade expanded. [6] Many participants—including Wall Street giants, such as Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, and Citicorp—turned sizeable profits simply by sitting on tanks of oil. [5]
The opposite market condition to normal backwardation is known as contango. Contango refers to "negative basis" where the future price is trading above the expected spot price. [3] Note: In industry parlance backwardation may refer to the situation that futures prices are below the current spot price. [4]
The cost of carry or carrying charge is the cost of holding a security or a physical commodity over a period of time. The carrying charge includes insurance, storage and interest on the invested funds as well as other incidental costs.
In finance, a spread option is a type of option where the payoff is based on the difference in price between two underlying assets. For example, the two assets could be crude oil and heating oil; trading such an option might be of interest to oil refineries, whose profits are a function of the difference between these two prices.
The roll yield is the difference between the profit or loss of a futures contract and the change in the spot price of the underlying asset of that futures contract. Unlike fixed income or dividend yields, a roll yield does not provide a cash payment, and may not be counted as a profit in certain cases if it accounts for the underlying asset's cost-of-carry.
A trader has observed that the price of six-month gold futures price (F) is $1,300 per troy ounce, whereas the spot price (S) is $1,371 per troy ounce.The (not compounded) borrowing rate for a six-month loan is 3.5% per annum, and storage cost for gold is negligible (0%).