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The Madras Presidency had the highest literacy rate of all the provinces in British India. [208] In 1901, Madras had a male literacy rate of 11.9 percent and a female literacy rate of 0.9 percent. [209] In 1950, when the Madras Presidency became Madras State, the literacy rate was slightly higher than the national average of 18 percent. [210]
The present day city of Chennai, then Madras was given as a grant by the Kalahasti Nayak on Francis Day in 1640. [3] [4] Madras was an important battle site during the Carnatic Wars between the English and the French. [5] For a long time, Madras was the administrative capital of the Presidency.
A mezzotint engraving of Fort William, Calcutta, the capital of the Bengal Presidency in British India 1735. The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In ...
1913 map of the Madras Presidency showing location of Pudukkottai State. Pudukkottai was a kingdom and later a princely state in British India, which existed from 1680 until 1948. The Kingdom of Pudukkottai was founded in about 1680 as a feudatory of Ramnad and grew with subsequent additions from Tanjore, Sivaganga and Ramnad.
A 1652 Map of India (Malabar is highlighted separately on the right side) A 1744 map of Malabar Coast. The district lay between the Arabian Sea on the west, South Canara District on the north, the Western Ghats (the princely states of Coorg and Mysore, and Nilgiris and Coimbatore districts) to the east, and the princely state of Cochin to the ...
The Indian National Congress was elected to power in 1937 [32] for the first time in Madras Presidency and barring the six years when Madras was in a state of Emergency, ruled the Presidency till India got independence on 15 August 1947. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was the first Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from the Congress party.
South Canara (South Kanara) was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India, located at It comprised the towns of Kassergode and Udipi and adjacent villages, with the administration at Mangalore city .
Before the partition of India in 1947, about 584 princely states, also called "native states", existed in India. [1] These were not part of British India, the parts of the Indian subcontinent which were under direct British administration, but rather under indirect rule, subject to subsidiary alliances.