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It is also popularly known as the Hays Code, after Will H. Hays, president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) from 1922 to 1945. Under Hays's leadership, the MPPDA, later the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the Motion Picture Association (MPA), adopted the Production Code in 1930 and began ...
Catholic bishops and laypeople tended to be leery of federal censorship and favored the Hays approach of self-censorship, and the influence of public opinion. [18] The Catholic Legion of Decency was organized in 1934 [19] under the auspices of Cincinnati Archbishop John T. McNicholas. Members were asked to sign a pledge promising to "remain ...
The National Legion of Decency was established in 1933 and reorganized in 1965 as the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures (NCOMP). Under each of these names, it rated films according to their suitability for viewing, assigning a code of A, B, or C, with that of C identified as "Condemned" for viewing by Catholics.
In the United States, the Motion Picture Production Code, or Hays Code, enforced after 1934, banned the exposure of the female navel in Hollywood films. [3] The National Legion of Decency, a Roman Catholic body guarding over American media content, also pressured Hollywood to keep clothing that exposed certain parts of the female body, such as bikinis and low-cut dresses, from being featured ...
Breen was a journalist and an "influential layperson" in the Catholic community. [5] Breen worked for Will H. Hays as a "troubleshooter" as early as 1931. [6]In 1933, the Roman Catholic National Legion of Decency was founded, and began to rate films independently, putting pressure on the industry.
In general his efforts at pre-release self-censorship were unsuccessful in quieting calls for federal censorship. [citation needed] Catholic bishops and lay people tended to be wary of federal censorship and favored the Hays approach of self-censorship; these included the outspoken Catholic layman Martin J. Quigley, publisher of Exhibitors ...
Their censorship is not speech,” wrote Fifth Circuit Judge Andrew Oldham. The Supreme Court put off hearing the two cases this past year and asked the Biden administration to weigh in.
Pre-Code Hollywood was an era in the American film industry that occurred between the widespread adoption of sound in film in the late 1920s and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines (popularly known as the Hays Code) in 1934. Although the Hays Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor, and it did not ...