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Bridging to VDD or Vss is equivalent to stuck at fault model. Traditionally bridged signals were modeled with logic AND or OR of signals. If one driver dominates the other driver in a bridging situation, the dominant driver forces the logic to the other one, in such case a dominant bridging fault is used.
Fault activation establishes a signal value at the fault model site that is opposite of the value produced by the fault model. Fault propagation moves the resulting signal value, or fault effect, forward by sensitizing a path from the fault site to a primary output. ATPG can fail to find a test for a particular fault in at least two cases.
Basic fault models in digital circuits include: Static faults, which give incorrect values at any speed and sensitized by performing only one operation: the stuck-at fault model. A signal, or gate output, is stuck at a 0 or 1 value, independent of the inputs to the circuit. the bridging fault model. Two signals are connected together when they ...
Various fault types may be applied to the diagnostic model. Commonly used fault types are: stuck-at faults, which simulates a node stuck high or low; stuck-open fault, which simulates a disconnected node; bridging faults, which simulate an unwanted connected between two nodes; transition-delay faults, which simulate slow signal switching on a node
A stuck-at fault is a particular fault model used by fault simulators and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools to mimic a manufacturing defect within an integrated circuit. Individual signals and pins are assumed to be stuck at Logical '1', '0' and 'X'. For example, an input is tied to a logical 1 state during test generation to ...
graph with an example of steps in a failure mode and effects analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects.
A new, single-file format with extension .CFF was also introduced to combine C37.111-1999 files into a single file. Also known as IEC 60255-24 Ed.2, this standard defines a format for files containing transient waveform and event data collected from power systems or power system models. The standard is for files stored on currently used ...
In computer science, a bridging model is an abstract model of a computer which provides a conceptual bridge between the physical implementation of the machine and the abstraction available to a programmer of that machine; in other words, it is intended to provide a common level of understanding between hardware and software engineers.