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All other four-digit numbers eventually reach 6174 if leading zeros are used to keep the number of digits at 4. For numbers with three identical digits and a fourth digit that is one higher or lower (such as 2111), it is essential to treat 3-digit numbers with a leading zero; for example: 2111 – 1112 = 0999; 9990 – 999 = 8991; 9981 – 1899 ...
For six-digit numbers, there are two solutions that satisfy equations (1) and (2). [9] Furthermore, it is clear that even-digits with greater than or equal to 8, [ 10 ] and with 9 digits, [ 11 ] or odd-digits with greater than or equal to 15 digits [ 12 ] have multiple solutions.
These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of Gödel's paper in 1931, the term "Gödel numbering" or "Gödel code" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects.
The digital root (also repeated digital sum) of a natural number in a given radix is the (single digit) value obtained by an iterative process of summing digits, on each iteration using the result from the previous iteration to compute a digit sum. The process continues until a single-digit number is reached.
Download QR code; Print/export ... 2, 145, 40585, ... A natural number that equals the sum of the factorials of its decimal digits. ... A number that has the digit ...
Two important generalizations of natural numbers arise from the two uses of counting and ordering: cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers. A natural number can be used to express the size of a finite set; more precisely, a cardinal number is a measure for the size of a set, which is even suitable for infinite sets.
To generate a sequence of n-digit pseudorandom numbers, an n-digit starting value is created and squared, producing a 2n-digit number. If the result has fewer than 2n digits, leading zeroes are added to compensate. The middle n digits of the result would be the next number in the sequence and returned as the result. This process is then ...
In number theory, a narcissistic number [1] [2] (also known as a pluperfect digital invariant (PPDI), [3] an Armstrong number [4] (after Michael F. Armstrong) [5] or a plus perfect number) [6] in a given number base is a number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to the power of the number of digits.