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  2. Principle of sufficient reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_sufficient_reason

    The modern [1] formulation of the principle is usually ascribed to early Enlightenment philosopher Gottfried Leibniz.Leibniz formulated it, but was not an originator. [2] The idea was conceived of and utilized by various philosophers who preceded him, including Anaximander, [3] Parmenides, Archimedes, [4] Plato and Aristotle, [5] Cicero, [5] Avicenna, [6] Thomas Aquinas, and Spinoza. [7]

  3. On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Fourfold_Root_of...

    It [the principle of sufficient reason] explains things in reference to one another, but it always leaves unexplained something that it presupposes,” and the two things that are absolutely inexplicable are the principle itself and the “thing in itself”, [7] which Schopenhauer connects with the will to live. The principle, in another point ...

  4. Necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency

    It may be the case that several sufficient conditions, when taken together, constitute a single necessary condition (i.e., individually sufficient and jointly necessary), as illustrated in example 5. Example 1 "John is a king" implies that John is male. So knowing that John is a king is sufficient to knowing that he is a male. Example 2

  5. Law of thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_thought

    The law of sufficient reason." (Thomas Hughes, The Ideal Theory of Berkeley and the Real World, Part II, Section XV, Footnote, p. 38) Arthur Schopenhauer discussed the laws of thought and tried to demonstrate that they are the basis of reason. He listed them in the following way in his On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason ...

  6. Kalam cosmological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam_cosmological_argument

    This feature distinguishes it from other cosmological arguments, such as Aquinas's Second Way, which rests on the impossibility of a causally ordered infinite regress, and those of Leibniz and Samuel Clarke, which refer to the principle of sufficient reason. [2]

  7. Buridan's ass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridan's_ass

    The ultimate reason the problem is manageable is that the probability of a metastable state persisting longer than a given time interval t is an exponentially declining function of t. In electronic devices, the probability of such an "undecided" state lasting longer than a matter of nanoseconds, while always possible, can be made negligibly low.

  8. The No. 1 Reason to Claim Social Security at Age 62 - AOL

    www.aol.com/no-1-reason-claim-social-160500024.html

    This situation is the single best reason to take Social Security at such a young age since, in this case, an early claim can help you protect one of your two most crucial income sources as a retiree.

  9. Practical syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_syllogism

    The main business of the former is with the understanding, of the latter, with the will; the principle of ' sufficient reason' is related to the understanding as the principle of ' final cause' or motive is related to the will. In the practical syllogism obligation is vested in the conclusion, and the particular or minor premise is more cogent ...