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Automatic transmission fluid. Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is a hydraulic fluid that is essential for the proper functioning of vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. Usually, it is coloured red or green to differentiate it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle.
As a fluid coupling operates kinetically, low-viscosity fluids are preferred. [7] Generally speaking, multi-grade motor oils or automatic transmission fluids are used. Increasing density of the fluid increases the amount of torque that can be transmitted at a given input speed. [8]
The transmission fluid will quickly overheat, not to mention the repeated impacts on the stator clutch (next topic). Also, overheating transmission fluid causes it to lose viscosity and damage the transmission. Such abuse can in rare cases cause the torque converter to leak and eventually stop functioning due to lack of fluid.
Most are mineral oil or silicone based fluids, while some use automatic transmission fluid, made from synthetic base oil. [8] [9] Automatic transmissions use fluids for their lubrication, cooling and hydraulic properties for viscous couplings. Use of the wrong type of fluid can lead to failure of the power steering pump. [8]
An automatic lubrication system consists of a reservoir with a pump, feed lines, metering valves, and injectors. The automatic lubrication system is connected to a control system via switchs. The control system may involve human input or may be computerised (computer numerical control or CNC). [2] [3]
The fluid specification for DEXRON-VI (J) was first used as the GM factory-fill automatic transmission fluid for the model year 2006. Roy Fewkes, GM Powertrain Staff Project Engineer and Chairman of the GM ATF/Driveline Lubricants Approval Committee patented the new DEXRON-VI (J) fluid composition under US Patent US8642519B2 [ 20 ] [ 21 ]