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Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "coal to X" or "carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbon-based products. However, the most common process chain is "coal to liquid fuels" (CTL). [1]
The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is a hot recycled solids technology, which processes fine particles of coal or oil shale sized 0.25 to 0.5 inches (6.4 to 12.7 mm). As a heat carrier, it uses spent char or spent oil shale (oil shale ash), mixed with sand or other more durable materials.
The STG+ process uses standard catalysts similar to those used in other gas to liquids technologies, specifically in methanol to gasoline processes. Methanol to gasoline processes favor molecular size- and shape-selective zeolite catalysts, [2] and the STG+ process also utilizes commercially available shape-selective catalysts, such as ZSM-5. [3]
Lurgi can refer to: . Lurgi AG : The German Chemical and construction company; the Lurgi process for making gas from carbonaceous fuel under high pressure; Lurgi generator - a device used to produce gas from coal (see Gasification)
Gasification is the process of subjecting a feedstock to chemical reactions that produce gas. [9] [10] The first process used was the carbonization and partial pyrolysis of coal. The off gases liberated in the high-temperature carbonization of coal in coke ovens were collected, scrubbed and used as fuel.
Methanol is made from methane (natural gas) in a series of three reactions: Steam reforming CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2 Δ r H = +206 kJ mol −1 Water shift reaction CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 Δ r H = -41 kJ mol −1 Synthesis 2 H 2 + CO → CH 3 OH Δ r H = -92 kJ mol −1. The methanol thus formed may be converted to gasoline by the Mobil ...
In industrial chemistry, coal gasification is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and water vapour (H 2 O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas".
A test method is a method for a test in science or engineering, such as a physical test, chemical test, or statistical test. It is a definitive procedure that produces a test result. [ 1 ] In order to ensure accurate and relevant test results, a test method should be "explicit, unambiguous, and experimentally feasible.", [ 2 ] as well as ...