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The 20-gauge shotgun is the next most popular size [citation needed], and is popular for upland game hunting. The next most popular sizes are the .410 bore and the 28 gauge. The least popular sizes are the 10 gauge and the 16 gauge; while far less common than the other four gauges, they are still commercially available. [citation needed] [9]
However, the term gauge, abbreviated G or ga, typically refers to the Birmingham gauge for hypodermic needles. [1] The French scale measures and is proportional to the outer diameter of a catheter, with 1 French (Fr) defined as 1 ⁄ 3 millimeter, making the relationship: 1 mm = 3 Fr.
(E.g. 1 mm diameter wire is ≈18 AWG, 2 mm diameter wire is ≈12 AWG, and 4 mm diameter wire is ≈6 AWG.) This quadruples the cross-sectional area and conductance. A decrease of ten gauge numbers (E.g. from 24 AWG to 14 AWG) multiplies the area, weight, and conductance by approximately 10.
The word "gauge" or "vacuum" may be added to such a measurement to distinguish between a pressure above or below the atmospheric pressure. Both mm of mercury and inches of water are common pressure heads, which can be converted to S.I. units of pressure using unit conversion and the above formulas.
A numerically larger gauge indicates a smaller barrel: a 20-gauge (15.6 mm) shotgun requires more spheres to equal a pound; therefore, its barrel is smaller than the 12-gauge. This metric is used in Russia as "caliber number": e.g., "shotgun of the 12 caliber." The 16th caliber is known as "lordly" (Russian: барский).
The formula to calculate the area in circular mil for any given AWG (American Wire Gauge) size is as follows.represents the area of number AWG. = (() /) For example, a number 12 gauge wire would use =:
The gauge-to-diameter ratio is not defined by a formula; it is based on—but is not identical to—the Stubs Steel Wire Gauge, which originated in Britain during the 19th century. [2] The accompanying graph illustrates the change in diameter with change in gauge, as well as the reduction in step size as the gauge size decreases.
The circular forms of wire gauge measurement devices are the most popular, and are generally 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches (95 mm) in diameter, with thirty-six notches; many have the decimal equivalents of the sizes stamped on the back. Oblong plates are similarly notched.