Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Other environmental effects of transport systems include traffic congestion and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing transportation emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be significant positive effects on Earth's air quality , acid rain , smog and climate change.
Air pollution along Pasadena Highway in Los Angeles, United States. Roads can have both negative and positive effects on air quality. Air pollution from fossil (and some biofuel) powered vehicles can occur wherever vehicles are used and are of particular concern in congested city street conditions and other low speed circumstances.
The Austrian philosopher Ivan Illich, a critic of the modern society habits, was one of the first thinkers to establish the so-called consumer speed concept. He defined the term in his 1974 book Energy and Equity [ 67 ] as the distance that an average person commutes each year, divided by the amount of time dedicated to commuting and related ...
However meeting all negative externalities by fuel tax is politically difficult. [23] In the case of carbon taxes, revenue could be used for investment in environmentally friendly initiatives. [24] Fuel and carbon taxes have been criticized as being a regressive tax, that affect low income individuals greater than high earners. As a result, the ...
In effect, such cities are banning a different part of the automobile fleet from roads each day of the week. Mainly introduced to combat smog, these measures also reduce congestion. A weakness of this method is that richer drivers can purchase a second or third car to circumvent the ban. [citation needed]
There are two different types of credit inquiries: hard inquiries, which can have a negative effect on your credit score, and soft inquiries, which don’t affect your credit score at all.
A dromotropic agent is one which affects the conduction speed (in fact the magnitude of delay [1]) in the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart. [2] [3] Positive dromotropy increases conduction velocity (e.g. epinephrine stimulation), negative dromotropy decreases velocity (e.g. vagal stimulation). [4]
Rewinding can be criticized for allowing the high latency of one player to negatively affect the experience of low-latency players. Servers with lag compensation will sometimes reduce the length of player history stored, or enforce ping limits, to reduce this problem.