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A dromotropic agent is one which affects the conduction speed (in fact the magnitude of delay [1]) in the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart. [2] [3] Positive dromotropy increases conduction velocity (e.g. epinephrine stimulation), negative dromotropy decreases velocity (e.g. vagal stimulation). [4]
This guarantees that the number of cars does not exceed road capacity while avoiding the negative effects of shortages normally associated with quotas. However, since demand for cars tends to be inelastic, the result are exorbitant purchase prices for the licenses, pricing out the lower levels of society, as seen Singapore's Certificate of ...
The accordion effect in road traffic refers to the typical decelerations and accelerations of a vehicle when the vehicle in front decelerates and accelerates. These fluctuations in speed propagate backwards and typically get bigger and bigger further down the line, resulting in reduced throughput of road traffic. [1]
Heavy cannabis use may negatively impact a person’s working memory, ... Gowin said working memory was the only one that showed an effect of cannabis. ... slower processing speed, and reduced ...
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When using the term "the speed of light" it is sometimes necessary to make the distinction between its one-way speed and its two-way speed.The "one-way" speed of light, from a source to a detector, cannot be measured independently of a convention as to how to synchronize the clocks at the source and the detector.
Air pollution along Pasadena Highway in Los Angeles, United States. Roads can have both negative and positive effects on air quality. Air pollution from fossil (and some biofuel) powered vehicles can occur wherever vehicles are used and are of particular concern in congested city street conditions and other low speed circumstances.
However meeting all negative externalities by fuel tax is politically difficult. [23] In the case of carbon taxes, revenue could be used for investment in environmentally friendly initiatives. [24] Fuel and carbon taxes have been criticized as being a regressive tax, that affect low income individuals greater than high earners. As a result, the ...