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Ionic potential is the ratio of the electrical charge (z) to the radius (r) of an ion. [1]= = As such, this ratio is a measure of the charge density at the surface of the ion; usually the denser the charge, the stronger the bond formed by the ion with ions of opposite charge.
The electric potential and the magnetic vector potential together form a four-vector, so that the two kinds of potential are mixed under Lorentz transformations. Practically, the electric potential is a continuous function in all space, because a spatial derivative of a discontinuous electric potential yields an electric field of impossibly ...
For example, from Fe 2+ + 2 e − ⇌ Fe(s) (–0.44 V), the energy to form one neutral atom of Fe(s) from one Fe 2+ ion and two electrons is 2 × 0.44 eV = 0.88 eV, or 84 907 J/(mol e −). That value is also the standard formation energy (∆ G f °) for an Fe 2+ ion, since e − and Fe( s ) both have zero formation energy.
In solid-state physics, especially for metals and semiconductors, the screening effect describes the electrostatic field and Coulomb potential of an ion inside the solid. Like the electric field of the nucleus is reduced inside an atom or ion due to the shielding effect, the electric fields of ions in conducting solids are further reduced by ...
The electrostatic potential energy U E stored in a system of two charges is equal to the electrostatic potential energy of a charge in the electrostatic potential generated by the other. That is to say, if charge q 1 generates an electrostatic potential V 1 , which is a function of position r , then U E = q 2 V 1 ( r 2 ) . {\displaystyle U ...
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...
The electrostatic potential energy, E pair, between a pair of ions of equal and opposite charge is: = where z = magnitude of charge on one ion e = elementary charge, 1.6022 × 10 −19 C ε 0 = permittivity of free space 4 π ε 0 = 1.112 × 10 −10 C 2 /(J·m)
The equation for local ion density can be substituted into the Poisson equation under the assumptions that the work being done is only electric work, and that the concentration of salt is much higher than the concentration of ions. [4] The electric work to bring an ion of charge to a surface with potential ψ can be represented by =. [4]