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A funeral procession in the Philippines, 2009. During the Pre-Hispanic period the early Filipinos believed in a concept of life after death. [1] This belief, which stemmed from indigenous ancestral veneration and was strengthened by strong family and community relations within tribes, prompted the Filipinos to create burial customs to honor the dead through prayers and rituals.
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Átang is an indigenous ritual for the dead or spirits in the Northern Philippines. [1] It is thought to be a part of the cultural and religious contexts of the Ilocano people. In general, the átang is known as a food offering intended for the dead and to drive away evil and malevolent spirits. [2]
Cañao or Kanyaw is a festival or a ceremony of the indigenous mountain people of Northern Luzon in the Philippines. It is a socio-religious ritual [1] where chickens, pigs and/or carabaos are butchered as a sacrifice and feasted on. [2] This is usually a thanksgiving to their god Kabunyan.
Souls in Filipino cultures abound and differ per ethnic group in the Philippines. The concept of souls include both the souls of the living and the souls or ghosts of the dead. The concepts of souls in the Philippines is a notable traditional understanding that traces its origin from the sacred indigenous Philippine folk religions .
In western culture, death has long been shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large scythe, and sometimes wearing a midnight black gown with a hood. This image was widely illustrated during the Middle Ages. Examples of death personified are: Mexican tradition holds the goddess or folk saint called Santa Muerte as the personification of death. [33]
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by cultural and ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
Ifugao culture values kinship, family ties, religious and cultural beliefs. Ifugao are unique among all ethnic groups in the mountain province for their narrative literature such as the hudhud , an epic dealing with hero ancestors sung in a poetic manner.