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A synchronous or synchronized culture is a microbiological culture or a cell culture that contains cells that are all in the same growth stage. [1] [2]As numerous factors influence the cell cycle (some of them stochastic) normal cultures have cells in all stages of the cell cycle.
Cell synchronization is a process by which cells in a culture at different stages of the cell cycle are brought to the same phase. Cell synchrony is a vital process in the study of cells progressing through the cell cycle as it allows population-wide data to be collected rather than relying solely on single-cell experiments.
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
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Many culture systems induce and maintain somatic embryogenesis by continuous exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Abscisic acid has been reported to induce somatic embryogenesis in seedlings. After callus formation, culturing on a low auxin or hormone free media will promote somatic embryo growth and root formation.
[1] [7] Tamiya was able with it to culture algal cell lines that were all in the same developmental stage, a technique used by later scientists to decipher the life cycles of other single celled eukaryotic organisms. [1] [7] In 1966 Tamiya was made a foreign associate member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Reproductive synchrony is a term used in evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology.Reproductive synchrony—sometimes termed "ovulatory synchrony"—may manifest itself as "breeding seasonality".
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