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Initially, Partium consisted of the counties of Máramaros, Közép-Szolnok [], Kraszna, and Bihar, Zaránd, Arad, Szörény [] as well as the Kővárvidék.These territories were ruled by Transylvania, but were not formally part of the Principality (later Grand Principality) of Transylvania, and so the name Partium was coined.
Principality of Transylvania at the end of 16th century. The Principality of Transylvania was established in 1570 when John II renounced his claim as King of Hungary in the Treaty of Speyer (ratified in 1571), [12] [22] and became a Transylvanian prince. [23]
Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of King Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory.
Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded title for territory.
Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD), Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries), the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire.
The Principality of Transylvania emerged after the disintegration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in the second half of the 16th century. [1] The principality included Transylvania proper and other territories to the east of the river Tisza, known as Partium. [2]
Transylvania formally became a crown land in the 1711 Treaty of Szatmár which ended Rákóczi's War of Independence, but the status of the Partium remained ambiguous until 1732, when Kraszna definitively became part of Transylvania, along with Közép-Szolnok County , Kővár District [de; hu; ro] and the rump Zaránd County.
The Principality of Transylvania in 1570: Transylvania proper and the Partium. Long winters and rainy summers with frequent floodings featured the "Little Ice Age" in 17th-century Transylvania. [78] [79] Because of the short autumns, arable lands on the plateaus were transformed into grazing lands. [78]