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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Risk factors include sexual intercourse, prior urinary tract infections, diabetes, structural problems of the urinary tract, and spermicide use. [2] [3] The mechanism of infection is usually spread up the urinary tract. [2] Less often infection occurs through the bloodstream. [1] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by ...
The most common sites of infection resulting in severe sepsis are the lungs, the abdomen, and the urinary tract. [25] Typically, 50% of all sepsis cases start as an infection in the lungs. In one-third to one-half of cases, the source of infection is unclear. [25]
When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). [9] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. [8]
It may occur in the case of diseases of the urinary tract, reproductive system and diseases of the abdominal organs. [6] Leukocyturia is mostly a sign of urinary tract infection , especially if significant bacteriuria is found (for most people, the number of bacteria in a culture is > 10^5) and other symptoms associated with passing urine. [ 7 ]
Pyonephrosis (from Greek pyon 'pus' and nephros 'kidney' [1]) is a dangerous kidney infection that is characterized by pus accumulation in the renal collecting system. [2] It is linked to renal collecting system blockage and suppurative renal parenchymal destruction, which result in complete or nearly complete kidney failure .