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First generation retinoids are produced naturally in the body and interact with their normal biological counterparts, such as retinol binding protein 4 for retinol, retinoid receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid. [9] 13-cis retinoic acid has an unknown biological pathway but appears to act as a growth factor. [10]
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. [ 10 ]
Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A 1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation of bone growth and immune function. [2] All-trans-retinoic acid is required for chordate animal development, which includes all higher animals from fish to ...
Retinoic acid via the retinoic acid receptor influences the process of cell differentiation and, hence, the growth and development of embryos. During development, there is a concentration gradient of retinoic acid along the anterior-posterior (head-tail) axis. Cells in the embryo respond to retinoic acid differently depending on the amount present.
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics. [6]
“Retinoids vary in strength, with prescription-strength retinoids being the strongest and fastest acting but causing more skin irritation than over-the-counter retinol products,” says Henry.
Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. [2] [3] It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. [4] Tazarotene is also used as a therapeutic for photoaged and photodamaged skin. [4] It is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids. [4]
Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that help regulate skin cell turnover, Carolyn Stull, M.D., board-certified dermatologist previously explained. However, Dr. Stull noted that there are many ...