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Hard drive cost per GB over time date capacity cost $/GB 1957 3.75 MB $34,500 $9.2 million/GB 1989 40 MB $1,200 $30,000/GB 1995 1 GB $850 $850/GB 2004 250 GB $250 $1/GB 2011 2 TB $70 $0.035/GB 2018 4 TB $75 $0.019/GB 2023 8 TB $175 $0.022/GB
Same build as miniSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB. 8 GB is largest in early-2011 (not compatible with older host devices). microSDHC: 2007 32 GB [4] Same build as microSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB. [5] (not compatible with older host devices) SDXC: 2009 1 TB
Compared to flash drives in same form factor, maximum rotating disk drive capacity is much smaller, [citation needed] with 100 TB available in 2018, [1] and 32 TB for 2.5-inch. [ 2 ] The disk drive size, such as 3.5-inch, is usually refers to the diameter of the disk platters .
The extra bits themselves take up space on the HDD, but allow higher recording densities to be employed without causing uncorrectable errors, resulting in much larger storage capacity. [64] For example, a typical 1 TB hard disk with 512-byte sectors provides additional capacity of about 93 GB for the ECC data. [65]
HDDs, as of early 2018, were priced around $0.02 to $0.03 per gigabyte for 1 TB models. [23] Storage capacity By 2018, SSDs were available in sizes up to 100 TB, [24] though lower-cost models typically ranged from 120 GB to 512 GB. HDDs of up to 30 TB were available by 2023. [25] Reliability – data retention
While storage devices usually have their size expressed in powers of 10 (for instance a 1 TB Solid State Drive will contain at least 1,000,000,000,000 (10 12, 1000 4) bytes), filesystem limits are invariably powers of 2, so usually expressed with IEC prefixes.
In January 2013, tech company Kingston, released a flash drive with 1 TB of storage. [24] The first USB 3.1 type-C flash drives, with read/write speeds of around 530 MB/s, were announced in March 2015. [25] By July 2016, flash drives with 8 to 256 GB capacity were sold more frequently than those with capacities between 512 GB and 1 TB.
4kB aligned random I/O with four workers at QD4 (effectively QD16), [26] 1 TB and 2 TB models 14,000 read IOPS, 50,000 write IOPS at QD1 330,000 read IOPS, 330,000 write IOPS on 512 GB model Up to [neutrality is disputed] 3.5 GB/s sequential read, 2.1 GB/s sequential write [25] Kaminario K2 SSD Up to [neutrality is disputed] 2,000,000 IOPS. [27]