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If the baseline value is small or subtracted out, the knife-edge beam width always corresponds to 60%, in the case of 20/80, or 80%, in the case of 10/90, of the total beam power no matter what the beam profile. On the other hand, the D4σ, 1/e 2, and FWHM widths encompass fractions of power that are beam-shape dependent. Therefore, the 10/90 ...
Antenna measurement techniques refers to the testing of antennas in order to ensure that the antenna meets specifications or simply to characterize it. Typical antenna parameters are gain , bandwidth , radiation pattern , beamwidth , polarization , impedance ; These are imperative communicative means.
A high-gain antenna (HGA) is a directional antenna with a focused, narrow beam width, permitting more precise targeting of the radio signals. [1] Most commonly referred to during space missions, [2] these antennas are also in use all over Earth, most successfully in flat, open areas where there are no mountains to disrupt radiowaves. [citation ...
The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions.
Beam theory, or Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a means of calculating load-carrying and deflection of structural beams; Beam antenna, or directional antenna, an antenna which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions; Bessel beam, a wave whose amplitude is described by a Bessel function; Blaster beam, a musical instrument
In electromagnetics and antenna theory, the aperture of an antenna is defined as "A surface, near or on an antenna, on which it is convenient to make assumptions regarding the field values for the purpose of computing fields at external points. The aperture is often taken as that portion of a plane surface near the antenna, perpendicular to the ...
The directivity is defined as the ratio of the maximum signal strength S radiated by the antenna to the signal strength S iso radiated by the isotropic antenna = Since the directional antenna radiates most of its power into a small solid angle around the z-axis its maximum signal strength is much larger than the isotropic antenna which spreads ...
Omnidirectional radiation patterns are produced by the simplest practical antennas, monopole and dipole antennas, consisting of one or two straight rod conductors on a common axis. Antenna gain (G) is defined as antenna efficiency (e) multiplied by antenna directivity (D) which is expressed mathematically as: =.