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Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. This narrowing of the renal artery can impede blood flow to the target kidney , resulting in renovascular hypertension – a secondary type of high blood pressure .
443.21 Dissection of carotid artery; 443.22 Dissection of iliac artery; 443.23 Dissection of renal artery; 443.24 Dissection of vertebral artery; 443.29 Dissection of other artery; 443.8 Other specified peripheral vascular diseases 443.82 Erythromelalgia; 443.9 Peripheral vascular disease, unspecified; 444 Arterial embolism and thrombosis; 445 ...
This leads to a build-up of plaques and they can be deposited in the renal arteries causing stenosis and ischemic kidney disease. [citation needed] In this situation, the kidney supplied blood by the narrowed renal artery suffers from inadequate blood flow, which in turn causes the size of the kidneys to decrease. Other consequences include ...
Renal infarction is a medical condition caused by an abrupt disruption of the renal blood flow in either one of the segmental branches or the major ipsilateral renal artery. [3] Patients who have experienced an acute renal infarction usually report sudden onset flank pain , which is often accompanied by fever , nausea , and vomiting .
The captopril challenge test (CCT) is a non-invasive medical test that measures the change in renin plasma-levels in response to administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis.
The prognosis of individuals with renovascular hypertension is not easy to determine. Those with atherosclerotic renal artery disease have a high risk of mortality, furthermore, those who also have renal dysfunction have a higher mortality risk. However, the majority of renovascular diseases can be improved with surgery. [4]
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery. [1] FMD has been found in nearly every arterial bed in the body, although the most commonly affected are the renal and carotid arteries.
It is thought that decreased perfusion of renal tissue due to stenosis of a main or branch renal artery activates the renin–angiotensin system. [8] [9] [10] There are two main causes of renovascular hypertension: renal artery stenosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. [citation needed]