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The name "Israel" first appears in the Merneptah Stele c. 1208 BCE: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more." [25] This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity, well enough established for the Egyptians to perceive it as a possible challenge, but an ethnic group rather than an organized state. [26]
The Bible portrays Israel and Judah as the successors of an earlier United Kingdom of Israel, although its historicity is disputed. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Historians and archaeologists agree that the northern Kingdom of Israel existed from ca. 900 BCE [ 1 ] : 169–195 [ 33 ] and that the Kingdom of Judah existed from ca. 700 BCE. [ 2 ]
Two House theology primarily focuses on the division of the ancient United Monarchy of Israel into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah.Two House theology raises questions when applied to modern peoples who are thought to be descendants of the two ancient kingdoms, both Jews (of the Kingdom of Judah) and the ten lost tribes of the Kingdom of Israel.
The Kingdom of Judah was located in the Judean Mountains, stretching from Jerusalem to Hebron and into the Negev Desert.The central ridge, ranging from forested and shrubland-covered mountains gently sloping towards the hills of the Shephelah in the west, to the dry and arid landscapes of the Judaean Desert descending into the Jordan Valley to the east, formed the kingdom's core.
Historians agree that a Kingdom of Israel existed by c. 900 BCE, [113]: 169–95 [114] [115] there is a consensus that a Kingdom of Judah existed by c. 700 BCE at least, [116] and recent excavations in Khirbet Qeiyafa have provided strong evidence for dating the Kingdom of Judah to the 10th century BCE. [117]
[323] [324] [325] On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel". [326] Israel considered the Straits of Tiran closure a Casus belli. Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq signed defence pacts and Iraqi troops began deploying to Jordan, Syria and Egypt. [327]
Bene Israel; Bnei Menashe; Cochin Jews; History of the Jews in Kolkata; Jewish Community of Mumbai; Paradesi Jews; Sephardic Jews in India; History of the Jews in Iran. Persian Jews; History of the Jews in Iraq; History of the Jews in the Land of Israel; History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean; History of the Jews under Muslim rule
Israel's proclaimed capital is in Jerusalem, [22] while Tel Aviv is the country's largest urban area and economic center. Israel is located in a region known to Jews as the Land of Israel, synonymous with the Palestine region and the Holy Land. In antiquity, it was home to the Canaanite civilisation followed by the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.