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Mainstream economics: employment is seen as a mutually advantageous transaction in a free market between self-interested legal and economic equals; Human resource management (unitarism): employment is a long-term partnership of employees and employers with common interests
Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers, usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms.
In exchange for the money paid as wages (usual for short-term work-contracts) or salaries (in permanent employment contracts), the work product generally becomes the undifferentiated property of the employer. A wage labourer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of their labour in this way.
An employer can assign all work products and intellectual property created by an employee during their term of employment is an exclusive right of the employer. This clause pertains to inventions that relate to the company's past, present or reasonably foreseeable future business or research endeavors.
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
In economics, implicit contracts refer to voluntary and self-enforcing long term agreements made between two parties regarding the future exchange of goods or services. Implicit contracts theory was first developed to explain why there are quantity adjustments ( layoffs ) instead of price adjustments (falling wages) in the labor market during ...
The economic agents at play are the employed, the unemployed, firms, often unions (referred to by collective bargaining), and sometimes the government. The insider-outsider model explains why nations with high collective bargaining experience the most severe persistence in the natural rate of unemployment.
Collective bargaining consists of the process of negotiation between representatives of a union and employers (generally represented by management, or, in some countries such as Austria, Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands, by an employers' organization) in respect of the terms and conditions of employment of employees, such as wages, hours of ...