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Short-term memory (STM), similar to Working Memory, is defined as a memory mechanism that can hold a limited amount of information for a brief period of time, usually around thirty seconds. [18] Stress, which is often perceived as only having negative effects, can aid in memory formation. [ 30 ]
The reaction of these systems causes a number of physical changes that have both short- and long-term effects on the body. [24] The Holmes and Rahe stress scale was developed as a method of assessing the risk of disease from life changes. [25] The scale lists both positive and negative changes that elicit stress.
Hans Selye defined stress as “the nonspecific (that is, common) result of any demand upon the body, be the effect mental or somatic.” [5] This includes the medical definition of stress as a physical demand and the colloquial definition of stress as a psychological demand. A stressor is inherently neutral meaning that the same stressor can ...
Stress produces numerous physical and mental symptoms which vary according to each individual's situational factors. These can include a decline in physical health, such as headaches, chest pain, fatigue, sleep problems, [1] and depression. The process of stress management is a key factor that can lead to a happy and successful life in modern ...
The stress of PTSD can have an adverse effect on memory. [51] Specifically, this can have severe effects on the hippocampus, [52] including decrease in hippocampus volume, [53] causing problems with transferring short-term to long-term memory, and with the formation of short-term memories.
Once again, studies have shown a bidirectional nature between depressive symptoms and lack of sleep due to stress. Long-term/chronic psychosocial stress is known to cause depression symptoms but the effect of chronic stress on sleep can lead to a ripple effect of further damage including poor emotional stability, lowered attention span and self ...
Social stress leads to a number of physiological changes that mediate its relationship to physical health. [95] In the short term, the physiological changes outlined below are adaptive, as they enable the stressed organism to cope better. Dysregulation of these systems or repeated activation of them over the long-term can be detrimental to ...
The term "working memory" was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram, [5] [6] and was used in the 1960s in the context of theories that likened the mind to a computer. In 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrin [7] used the term to describe their "short-term store". The term short-term store was the name previously used for working memory.