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Most causes of vision loss can cause varying degrees of damage, from total blindness to a negligible effect. Media opacity occurs in the presence of opacities in the eye tissues or fluid, distorting and/or blocking the image prior to contact with the photoreceptor cells. Vision loss often results despite correctly functioning retinal receptors.
Two of the major theories of unilateral extinction are the sensory theory and the representational theory. The sensory theory involves an attenuation of sensory input to the right hemisphere from the contralateral side of the body and space. The representational theory involves a disordered internal representation of the contralateral side of ...
A 2020 study suggests that the main cause of presbycusis is the loss of inner ear sensory cellsand that the main cause of this loss is noise exposure. [14] Neural: characterised by degeneration of cells of the spiral ganglion. Strial/metabolic: characterised by atrophy of stria vascularis in all turns of cochlea.
One brain imaging study suggests that the unpleasantness of subjectively perceived dyspnea is processed in the right human anterior insula and amygdala. [38] The cerebral cortex processing vestibular sensations extends into the insula, [39] with small lesions in the anterior insular cortex being able to cause loss of balance and vertigo. [40]
A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision , hearing , touch , taste , smell , balance and visceral sensation.
The causes of nerve damage are grouped into categories including those due to paraneoplastic causes (neuropathy secondary to cancer), immune mediated, infectious, inherited or degenerative causes and those due to toxin exposure. In idiopathic sensory neuronopathy no cause is identified. Idiopathic causes account for about 50% of cases. [2]
It is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. [ 3 ] Symptoms of spinal cord injury may include loss of muscle function, sensation , or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the injury.
Research on sensory gating has been primarily occurring in cortical areas where the stimulus is consciously identified because it is a less invasive means of studying sensory gating. Studies on rats also show the brain stem, thalamus, and primary auditory cortex play a role in sensory gating for auditory stimuli. [4]