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Hyperons, such as the Λ, Σ, Ξ, and Ω particles, which contain one or more strange quarks, are short-lived and heavier than nucleons. Although not normally present in atomic nuclei, they can appear in short-lived hypernuclei. A number of charmed and bottom baryons have also been observed.
All mesons are unstable, with the longest-lived lasting for only a few tenths of a nanosecond. Heavier mesons decay to lighter mesons and ultimately to stable electrons , neutrinos and photons . Outside the nucleus, mesons appear in nature only as short-lived products of very high-energy collisions between particles made of quarks, such as ...
The abbreviation is not always a short form of the word used in the clue. For example: "Knight" for N (the symbol used in chess notation) Taking this one stage further, the clue word can hint at the word or words to be abbreviated rather than giving the word itself. For example: "About" for C or CA (for "circa"), or RE.
The long-lived neutral kaon is called the K L ("K-long"), decays primarily into three pions, and has a mean lifetime of 5.18 × 10 −8 s. The short-lived neutral kaon is called the K S ("K-short"), decays primarily into two pions, and has a mean lifetime 8.958 × 10 −11 s. Quark structure of the antikaon (K −). (See discussion of neutral ...
The tau (τ), also called the tau lepton, tau particle or tauon, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of 1 / 2 .Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the tau has a corresponding antiparticle of opposite charge but equal mass and spin.
The name lepton comes from the Greek λεπτός leptós, "fine, small, thin" (neuter nominative/accusative singular form: λεπτόν leptón); [14] [15] the earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀡𐀵, re-po-to, written in Linear B syllabic script. [16] Lepton was first used by physicist Léon Rosenfeld in 1948: [17]
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has none. All three of these particles are very short-lived, with a half-life of about 3 × 10 −25 s. Their experimental discovery was pivotal in establishing what is now called the Standard Model of particle physics. The W bosons are named after the weak force. The physicist Steven Weinberg named the additional particle the "Z